Studi sull’uso di ironia: un meccanismo selettore di affinità

  • Caterina Scianna
Parole chiave: Verbal Irony, Social Cognition, Relevance Theory, Interpretative Hypotheses, Comprehension

Abstract

L’espressione ironica dice e non dice, esprimendo letteralmente un senso che non è quello che il parlante vuole realmente comunicare. Si tratta di un meccanismo che consiste nell’alludere, nel rimandare a qualcosa di non detto esplicitamente, ad un’intenzione che, in maniera indiretta, si intende manifestare all’interlocutore. Se per Grice l’espressione ironica è una frase che significa l’opposto di ciò che dice; per la teoria della pertinenza, è una menzione di un pensiero, da cui ci si vuol dissociare, perché ritenuto falso o non pertinente nella situazione in cui è proferito. La manifestazione dell’attitudine si rivela un elemento centrale dell’ironia. Nell’articolo si mostra come questa – intesa non semplicemente come dissociazione proposizionale, ma come uno stato mentale e affettivo che richiede elevate capacità di teoria della mente e vigilanza epistemica - abbia ragioni prettamente sociali. L’espressione ironica è analizzata come un’espressione fàtica, alla stregua di complimenti, congratulazioni, lamentele, frasi dette non per informare l’interlocutore, ma per rendere manifesto un sentire. L’idea proposta è che le forme molteplici dell’ironia siano legate da un filo comune: il rapporto con l’altro interlocutore. Si vedrà come l’ironia sia interpretabile come un meccanismo sociale, un ‘selettore di affinità’ che permette di regolare le relazioni tra gli individui.

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Pubblicato
2023-10-02
Come citare
Scianna, C. (2023) «Studi sull’uso di ironia: un meccanismo selettore di affinità», Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio. doi: 10.4396/2022SFL05.