New circumstances of free speech: non-verbal political communication
Abstract
The text explores the transformations of the public sphere, moving from social networks to social media. It analyzes freedom of expression as a liberal tool to mitigate social tensions and emphasizes its evolution in contemporary debates. It delves into a phenomenology of freedom of expression, considering its role in democracy and
current controversies. It focuses on non-verbal freedom of expression, examining the role of political cartoons in the current European context. Finally, it questions whether these new circumstances signify a trivialization of freedom of expression in the digital era, which has become a divisive and polarizing tool.
References
Baudelaire, Charles (1855), De l’essence du rire et généralement du comique dans les arts plastiques, in Lemaitre, Henri, Curiosités esthétiques, Parigi, Garnier, 1986.
Childs, Elizabeth (1992), «Daumier, Gargantua, and the Censorship of Political Caricature» in Art Journal, vol. 51, n. 1, pp. 26-37.
Coupe, W. A. (1969), «Observations on a Theory of Political Caricature» in Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 11, n. 1, pp. 79-95.
Vattimo, Gianni, Dotolo Carmelo (2009), Dio: la possibilità buona. Un colloquio sulla soglia tra filosofia e teologia, Rubbettino, Soveria Manelli.
Goldstein, Robert Justin (1989), Political Censorship of the Arts and the Press in NineteenthCentury, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Gombrich, Ernst (1963), Meditations on a Hobby Horse, Phaidon, Londra.
Gombrich, Ernst, Kris, Ernst (1938), «The Principles of Caricature» in British Journal of Medical Psychology, vol. 17, pp. 319-342.
Habermas, Jürgen (1962), Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit. Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft, Luchterhand, Berlin.
Habermas, Jürgen (2022), Ein neuer Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit und die deliberative Politik, Suhrkamp , Frankfurt.
Klausen, Jytte (2009), The Cartoons That Shook the World, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Larsen, Rune Engelbreth, Tøger, Seidenfaden (2006), Karikaturkrisen. En undersøglese af baggrund og ansvar, Gyldendal , Copenaghen.
Mill, John Stuart (1859), Saggio sulla libertà, Il Saggiatore , Milano 2002.
Morozov, Evgeny (2013), To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism, Public Affairs, Nueva York.
Nguyen, Thi (2018), «Echo chambers and epistemic bubbles» in Episteme, vol. 17, pp. 1- 21.
Özkirimli, Umut (2023), Cancelled: The Left Way Back from Woke, Polity, Cambridge.
Rancière, Jacques (2020) ,«On Freeedom of Expression», https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4932-on-freedom-of-expression.
Works published in RIFL are released under Creative Commons Licence:Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
