The responsibility of misled people

  • Franca D'Agostini | Invited paper
Keywords: Lying and Misleading, Doxastic responsibility, Victim-blaming

Abstract

A basic argument for preferring misleading (deceiving someone by telling the truth) to successful lying (deceiving by believed false assertion) is that misled people are relatively free to select the true content of what is said. So if they do not, they are at least partially responsible for deceit. The article focuses on possible unfair implications of the idea, and presents the principles that may guide a correct assessment of victims’ responsibility in deceptions by language.

References

Anderson, E. (2012), «Epistemic justice as a virtue of social institutions», in Social Epistemology, 26, 2, pp. 163-173.

Becker, D. (2016), Können Wahrheit und Gerechtigkeit heilen? Traumatheorie, Menschenrechtsdebatten und Praxismodelle, in Brünner and Stahl (eds.) (2016), pp. 139-148.

Black, M. (1952), «Saying and Disbelieving», in Analysis, 13, pp. 25-33.

Brennan, S. (2017), Against Democracy, Princeton University Press, Pinceton.

Brown, J. and H. Cappelen (eds.) (2011), Assertion, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Brünner, J. and D. Stahl (2016) Recht auf Wahrheit: Zur Genese eines neuen Menschenrechts, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen.

Clark, M. (1994), «There is no paradox of blackmail», in Analysis, vol. 54.

Dummett, M. (1991), Frege and Other Philosophers, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Fricker, M. (2007), Epistemic Injustice, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Grice, H. P. (1975), Logic and Conversation, reprinted in Grice (1989), pp. 22-40.

Grice, H. P. (1989), Studies in the Ways of Words, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.).

Hintikka, J. (1962), Knowledge and Belief. An Introduction to the Logic of the two Notions, College Publications, London 2005.

Hoy, D. C. (1992), The Critical Circle, University of California Press, Oaklad (CA).

Kant, I. (1785), Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Moral, engl. ed. M. J. Gregor, in

Immanuel Kant, Practical Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996, pp. 37-107.

Lackey, J. (2008), Learning From Words. Testimony as a Source of Knowledge, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Lackey, J. (2013), «Lies and deception: an unhappy divorce», in Analysis, 73, 2, pp. 236-248.

Lakoff, G. (2004), Don’t Think of an Elephant! Know your Values and Frame the Debate, Chelsea Green Publishing, White River Junction (Ver.).

Lewis, D. K. (1968), Language and Languages, in Lewis (1983), pp. 163-188.

Lewis. D. K. (1979), Attitudes De Dicto and De Se, in Lewis (1983), pp. 133-159.

Lewis, D. K. (1983), Philosophical Papers, vol. I., Oxford University Press, Oxford.

MacFarlane, J. (2011), What Is Assertion?, in Brown and Cappelen (eds.) (2011), pp. 79-96.

Mahon, J. E. (2016), The Definition of Lying and Deception, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. E. Zalta: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/lying-definition/

Marsili, N. (2014), Lying as a Scalar Phenomenon: Insincerity along the Certainty-Uncertainty Continuum, in S. Cantarini, W. Abraham, E. Leiss (eds.) Certainty-uncertainty – and the Attitudinal Space In Between, John Benjamins Publishing, Amsterdam.

Marsili, N. (2016), «Lying by Promising. A study on insincere illocutionary acts», in International Review of Pragmatics, 8 (2), pp. 271-313.

Marsili, N. (2018), «Truth and Assertion: Rules versus Aims», Analysis, 78 (4), pp. 638-648.

Meibauer, J. (2005), «Lying and Falsely Implicating», in Journal of Pragmatics, 37, pp. 1373-99.

Meibauer, J. (2011), «On lying: intentionality, implicature, and imprecision», in Intercultural Pragmatics, 8, pp. 277-292.

Meibauer, J. (2014), Lying at the Semantics-Pragmatics Interface, De Gruyter, Berlin.

O’Brien, D. (2007), «Testimony and Lie», in The Philosophical Quarterly, 57, 227, pp. 225-238.

Pagin, P. (2011), Information and Assertoric Force, in Brown and Cappelen (eds.) (2011), pp. 97-135.

Pagin, P. (2016), Assertion, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. E. N. Zalta, URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/assertion/

Penco, C. and F. Domaneschi (eds.) (2013) What Is Said and What is Not. The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface, CSLI, Stanford.

Posner, R. (1980), Semantics and pragmatics of sentence connectives in natural language, in J. R. Searle, F. Kiefer, M. Bierwisch (eds.), Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics, Reidel, Dordrecht 1980, pp. 168-203.

Rescher, N. (2006), Epistemetrics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Ryan. W. (1971), Blaming the Victim, Vintage, New York.

Saul, J. (2012a), Lying, Misleading, and What is Said, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Saul, J. (2012b), «Just go ahead and lie», in Analysis, 72, 1, pp. 3-9.

Scharp, K. (2013), Replacing Truth, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Stalnaker, R. (2002), «Common ground», in Linguistic & Philosophy, 25, pp. 701-721.

Strudler, A. (2010), «The distinctive wrong in lying», in Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 131, pp. 171-179.

Tietjens Meyer, D. (2016), Victims' Stories and the Advancement of Human Rights, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Viano, E. (ed.) (1990), The Victimology Handbook, Garland Pub. Inc., New York.

Webber, J. (2013), «Liar! », in Analysis, 73, 4, pp. 651-659.

Whisnant, R. (2017), Feminist Perspectives on Rape, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. N. Zalta: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/feminism-rape/

Williams, B. (2002), Truth and Truthfulness. An Essay in Genealogy, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

How to Cite
D’Agostini | Invited paperF. (1) “The responsibility of misled people”, Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 13(1). Available at: http://rifl.unical.it/index.php/rifl/article/view/528 (Accessed: 25December2024).
Section
Assertion and Epistemology