Biosemiotics and ecolinguistics: two tales of scientific objectification
Keywords:
Biosemiotics, ecolinguistics, distributed language, semiosis, bioethics, languaging
Abstract
Science builds on what people say and, thus, the use of signs. In pursuing this important observation, I contrast two views of knowing that look “beyond” sense impressions. I begin with John Deely’s (2015) theory that self-referring symbols allow critical control of objectification. In showing the limits of science, he targets what he calls “solipsism”. In all animals, Deely thinks, knowing draws on sign relations. However, humans, and only humans, grasp that these relations are pure. Our self-referential “symbols” disclose ens reale, or that which is «independent of finite awareness» (2015: 175). Given this epigenic break (Deely 1966), humans alone «know that there are signs» (Maritain 1970). Ex hypothesi, we can all embrace a/the non-finite knowing: on his post-modern view, moreover, scientific objectifications pick out a small part of what awareness can reveal (ens rationis).
Wary of ontological proliferation, human powers can be traced to evolutionary history. On an ecolinguistic view, semogenesis (Halliday 2003) informs vocalizing and, in many societies, writing too. Practices, social activity and knowing thus co-evolve. As infants learn under verbal constraints, they concert socially to become persons who make use of material engagement. As contingencies arise, they set off prompts or languagings (Sellars 1960) that afford rich semiotic description and coordinate social experience. Languaging, or language activity, informs practices as people learn from what happens. Perduring verbal and other patterns bind action, talk, ritual, objects and objectifications or, I suggest, “seeing through the eyes of others”. In many practices, texts, images, data sets and institutions, together with careful control of methods, stabilize observations and models. These are what groups treat as collective knowledge. Even without a semiotic ontology, what people do, say and observe places narrow limits on the scope of science. Knowledge is grounded in belief in signs.
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Gahrn-Andersen, R. (2019), «Biological simplexity and cognitive heteronomy», in Language Sciences, 71, pp. 38-48.
Gahrn-Andersen, R. (2021), «Conceptual attaching in perception and practice-based behavior», in Lingua, 249, 102960.
Giere, R. N. (2004), «The problem of agency in scientific distributed cognitive systems», in Journal of Cognition and Culture, 4, pp. 759–774.
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Hutchins, E. (1995), Cognition in the Wild, MIT press, Cambridge MA.
Juffermans, K. (2015), Local languaging, literacy and multilingualism in a West African society, Multilingual Matters, Clevedon.
Koehler, W. (1925), The Mentality of Apes, Harcourt, Brace and Co., New York.
Kravchenko, A. V. (2007), «Essential properties of language, or, why language is not a code», in Language Sciences, 29(5), pp. 650-671.
Kravchenko, A. V. (2011), How Humberto Maturana’s biology of cognition can revive the language sciences, in Constructivist Foundations, 6(3), pp. 352–362.
Kravchenko, A. V. (2020), «A Critique of Barbieri's Code Biology», in Constructivist Foundations, 15(2), pp. 122-133.
Kuhl, P. K. (1991), «Human adults and human infants show a ‘perceptual magnet effect’ for the prototypes of speech categories, monkeys do not», in Perception & Psychophysics, 50(2), pp. 93–107.
Law, J., Mol, A., Smith, B. H., & Weintraub, E. R. (2020), eds, Complexities: Social studies of knowledge practices, Duke University Press, Durham.
Lee, T.K. (2022), Memesis and Contemporary Chinese Poetry A Distributed View on World Literature, in The Making of Chinese-Sinophone Literatures as World Literature, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 164-185.
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Li, W. (2017), «Translanguaging as a practical theory of language», in Applied Linguistics 39(1), pp. 9–30.
Li, J., Steffensen, S. V., & Huang, G. (2020), «Rethinking ecolinguistics from a distributed language perspective», in Language Sciences, 80, 101277.
Love, N. (2004), «Cognition and the language myth», Language Sciences, 26(6), pp. 525–544.
Love, N. (2017), «On languaging and languages», in Language Sciences, 61, pp. 113–147.
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Malafouris, L. (2019), «Mind and material engagement», in Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 18(1), pp. 1-17.
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Published
2022-01-23
How to Cite
Cowley, S. (2022) “Biosemiotics and ecolinguistics: two tales of scientific objectification ”, Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 15(2). doi: 10.4396/2021208.
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2021 Stephen Cowley
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Works published in RIFL are released under Creative Commons Licence:Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
